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Edward Andrade
Edward Neville da Costa Andrade FRS (27 December 1887 – 6 June 1971) was an English physicist, writer, and poet. He told ''The Literary Digest'' his name was pronounced "as written, i.e., like ''air raid'', with ''and'' substituted for ''air''." 〔However, the current Andrades pronounce it ‘and-raid'. But, that's an Anglicism from the original Portuguese pronunciation. "Andrade" rhymes with "Comrade" in the original Portuguese. See Charles Earle Funk, ''What's the Name, Please?'', Funk & Wagnalls, 1936.〕 Andrade is best known for work (with Ernest Rutherford) that first determined the wavelength of a type of gamma radiation, proving it was far higher in energies than X-rays known at the time.
==Background==
Edward Neville Andrade was a Sephardi Jew, and was a descendant of Moses da Costa Andrade (not Moses da Costa as is sometimes stated). da Costa Andrade was his 2nd great grandfather, a feather merchant in London's East End. The surname "Andrade" might nevertheless be of Portuguese origin (see notes on original pronunciation).
Edward Neville studied for a doctorate at the University of Heidelberg and then had a brief but productive spell of research with Ernest Rutherford at Manchester in 1914. They carried out experiments to determine the wavelengths of gamma-rays from radium, and were the first to be able to quantitate these, thereby showing that they were shorter than the wavelengths of then-known X-ray radiation that was produced by "Roentgen tubes".〔Andrade, E.N. da C. "Personal Reminiscences." http://www.iucr.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/743/andrade.pdf〕〔Rutherford, Ernest. "The Natural and Artificial Disintegration of the Elements." ''The Scientific Monthly'', Vol. 19, No. 6 (Dec., 1924), pp. 561-578.〕 He joined the Royal Artillery during the First World War, and then became Professor of Physics at the Ordnance College in Woolwich in 1920.
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